I will make no claims about fully comprehending the technology behind the emerging Micro-Transport Protocol but the mindset behind it is certainly one to appreciate. What it seems to me is that a bunch of developers in the BitTorrent community have come up with a new way to modify the current transfer protocol into something that is smarter about network clogging; making it more efficient to transfer a large number of bytes. Here's the snippet that spells it out:

μTP is like driving with your eyes *open* – µTP is able to see problems coming and make much more modest adjustments to ensure the problems don't cause a car wreck. It does this by being able to detect congestion on a network based on how long a packet takes to be sent from one peer to the next. If things start to take longer, then µTP adjusts the rate of sending accordingly.

And the benefit that it could possibly bring:

Overall, when we get µTP stable, we’re excited about the potential benefits that this could bring to ISPs by reducing the effective burdens on their networks. Although we stand to gain nothing financially from them for implementing it, we hope to maintain the lead enjoyed by µTorrent and BitTorrent Mainline software as the most popular BitTorrent clients, and hopefully demonstrate how innovation from responsible stakeholders on a neutral internet can lead to winning outcomes all-around.

So, at the heart of it, it's a way to give an edge to some software but deeper down it's a way to alleviate some stress on network bandwidth, potentially waylaying some of the Us vs Them mentality between the BitTorrent community and ISPs.